This is a very interesting question. Most vehicle warranties require the oil to be changed at a a minimum annually. So you will void your warranty if you do not comply.
Vehicle manufacturers typically cut the recommended service interval mileage and time in half for severe service situations: when the engine is operated in very hot, very cold or dirty environments or when the engine is operated for frequent short trips.
Oils contain additives that neutralize acids, so that is not an issue. But (according to lots of readily available online information), oil exposed to atmospheric humidity likes to absorb water. Water in the oil (disolved, emuslified and free (condensed) water) is very harmful to the engine for myriads of reasons. The longer oil is exposed and the higher the humidity, the more water it will have in it. If you live in a desert, you can likely go longer in time between oil change intervals. If you live in a high humidity area, you probably need to be very wary about not changing oil frequently enough.
The manufacturers probably have picked one year as a maximum interval because it is easy to remember and is probably safe for most situations. If I lived in a very high humidity area of the country, I personally would probably change the oil at least twice a year. If you are a seasonal rider and the bike is parked and not ridden for long periods of the year, I would say it is very important to change the oil before you store the bike away. Letting wet, dirty oil set in an engine over the winter is probably going to cause corrosion in the engine and transmission resulting in a shorter life span. Change the oil and then run the engine up to operating temperature. This would flush all the remaining old oil out of the upper parts of the engine and coat those parts of the engine with clean, dry oil.